How cases start
Most investigations begin with a complaint from a neighbour. The council will usually visit, check the planning history and contact the owner. Building without permission is not a criminal offence in itself (except for listed buildings and some works in conservation areas), but ignoring a formal notice is.
The notices
- Planning contravention notice (PCN): requires information about the site and its use. Respond accurately and on time, usually within 21 days.
- Enforcement warning notice: since 2024, tells you formal action is likely unless an application is made.
- Enforcement notice: sets out the breach, what must be done and by when. It takes effect on a stated date, at least 28 days after service.
- Stop notice and temporary stop notice: halt activity quickly. Temporary stop notices last up to 56 days.
- Breach of condition notice: requires compliance with a planning condition. There is no right of appeal.
Your options
- Retrospective application: often the simplest route where the works are acceptable in principle.
- Lawful development certificate: where the works are permitted development or immune through time. See our LDC guide.
- Appeal: against an enforcement notice, on grounds such as the development should be granted permission, no breach has occurred, or the requirements are excessive. See our appeals guide.
- Negotiation: amending the development to make it acceptable.
Act quickly
Deadlines in enforcement are strict and cannot be extended after they pass. If you have received any notice, get advice straight away. Early engagement with the council often avoids formal action altogether.
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Sources
This article is general information about planning in England at the date shown. It is not advice on any particular site, and the law and policy may have changed since. Please speak to us before relying on it.